A Preliminary Study: Esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Artificially Modified Feedstock Using Ionic Liquids as Catalysts
The exploration of non-edible oils as a feedstock has been positively affect the economic viability of biodiesel production. Due to the high level of free fatty acid (FFA) in non-edible oils, esterification is needed to remove the acidity to the minimum level before base-catalyzed transesterificati...
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| Формат: | EJournal Article |
| Опубликовано: |
Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University,
2016-08-20.
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| LEADER | 02625 am a22003013u 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BCREC_UNDIP_549_425 | ||
| 042 | |a dc | ||
| 100 | 1 | 0 | |a Roslan, Nurul Asmawati |e author |
| 100 | 1 | 0 | |e contributor |
| 700 | 1 | 0 | |a Che Hasnan, Mohammad Haniff |e author |
| 700 | 1 | 0 | |a Abdullah, Norhayati |e author |
| 700 | 1 | 0 | |a Abdullah, Syamsul Bahari |e author |
| 700 | 1 | 0 | |a Abidin, Sumaiya Zainal |e author |
| 245 | 0 | 0 | |a A Preliminary Study: Esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Artificially Modified Feedstock Using Ionic Liquids as Catalysts |
| 260 | |b Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University, |c 2016-08-20. | ||
| 500 | |a https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/549 | ||
| 520 | |a The exploration of non-edible oils as a feedstock has been positively affect the economic viability of biodiesel production. Due to the high level of free fatty acid (FFA) in non-edible oils, esterification is needed to remove the acidity to the minimum level before base-catalyzed transesterification. In this study, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate (HMIMHSO4) was self-synthesized and compared with the commercialized ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate (BMIMHSO4). HMIMHSO4 and BMIMHSO4 were characterized by 1H NMR prior to use in the esterification reaction. The reaction was carried out in a batch reactor and variables such as types of alcohol, oil: alcohol molar ratio, temperature and types of stirring were investigated. The highest conversion for each catalyst was achieved using ethanol as a solvent at the condition of 343 K reaction temperature, 12:1 alcohol to oil ratio in 8 h reaction time. BMIMHSO4 showed higher conversion (98%) as compared to HMIMHSO4 with only 82% conversion. Clearly, BMIMHSO4 shows considerable potential to reduce the FFA in the feedstock as it is exhibit excellent catalytic activity due to lower alkyl chain of BMIMHSO4 compared to HMIMHSO4. | ||
| 540 | |a Copyright (c) 2016 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group | ||
| 540 | |a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 | ||
| 546 | |a eng | ||
| 690 | |a Biodiesel; Free Fatty Acids; Acidified Oil; Esterification; Ionic Liquid | ||
| 655 | 7 | |a info:eu-repo/semantics/article |2 local | |
| 655 | 7 | |a info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |2 local | |
| 655 | 7 | |2 local | |
| 786 | 0 | |n Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis; 2016: BCREC Volume 11 Issue 2 Year 2016 (August 2016); 182-190 | |
| 786 | 0 | |n 1978-2993 | |
| 787 | 0 | |n https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/549/425 | |
| 856 | 4 | 1 | |u https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/549/425 |z Get Fulltext |