Selective Reduction of Southeast Sulawesi Nickel Laterite using Palm Kernel Shell Charcoal: Kinetic Studies with Addition of Na2SO4 and NaCl as Additives
The aim of the reduction process is to concentrate nickel at high temperatures with a certain carbonaceous material as a reducing agent. The use of chemicals like Na2SO4 and NaCl in the reduction process can increase the content and recovery of nickel in ferronickel concentrates. A selective reducti...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | EJournal Article |
| Published: |
Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University,
2020-08-01.
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get Fulltext Get Fulltext |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| LEADER | 03334 am a22002893u 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BCREC_UNDIP_7733_4282 | ||
| 042 | |a dc | ||
| 100 | 1 | 0 | |a Shofi, Achmad |e author |
| 700 | 1 | 0 | |a Supriyatna, Yayat Iman |e author |
| 700 | 1 | 0 | |a Prasetyo, Agus Budi |e author |
| 245 | 0 | 0 | |a Selective Reduction of Southeast Sulawesi Nickel Laterite using Palm Kernel Shell Charcoal: Kinetic Studies with Addition of Na2SO4 and NaCl as Additives |
| 260 | |b Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University, |c 2020-08-01. | ||
| 500 | |a https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/7733 | ||
| 520 | |a The aim of the reduction process is to concentrate nickel at high temperatures with a certain carbonaceous material as a reducing agent. The use of chemicals like Na2SO4 and NaCl in the reduction process can increase the content and recovery of nickel in ferronickel concentrates. A selective reduction of laterite nickel was carried out in a non-isothermal and an isothermal using palm kernel shell charcoal as a reductant and with Na2SO4 and NaCl as additives. Firstly, the raw material is made into a pellet and dried in an oven at 100 °C for two hours. The pellets are weighed before and after the reduction process. The non-isothermal reduction process used the Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) method from a temperature of 100 to 1300 °C, with a heat rate of 10 °C per minute. The isothermal reduction at temperatures 500, 600, 700, 950, 1050, and 1150 °C occurred with a reduction time of 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The analysis is Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) to determine the content of nickel and iron from the reduction process, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to see changes in the phases formed after the selective reduction process, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDX) for viewing the microstructure of the phase. The Differential Thermal Analyzer-Temperature Gravimetric Analysis (DTA-TGA) results show the endothermic at 256 °C, and the exothermic peak at 935 °C with a total mass loss of 42.15% at 1238 °C. The shrinking core model was used for the kinetic studies of the reduction process. The closest kinetic model to the experimental results is the Ginstling-Brounshtein model, with an activation energy value of 8.73 kcal/mol. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). | ||
| 540 | |a Copyright (c) 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group | ||
| 540 | |a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 | ||
| 546 | |a eng | ||
| 690 | |a additives; characterization; kinetic; nickel laterite; reductor; selective reduction | ||
| 655 | 7 | |a info:eu-repo/semantics/article |2 local | |
| 655 | 7 | |a info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |2 local | |
| 655 | 7 | |2 local | |
| 786 | 0 | |n Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis; 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 2 Year 2020 (August 2020); 501-513 | |
| 786 | 0 | |n 1978-2993 | |
| 787 | 0 | |n https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/7733/4282 | |
| 787 | 0 | |n https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/bcrec/article/downloadSuppFile/7733/1792 | |
| 856 | 4 | 1 | |u https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/7733/4282 |z Get Fulltext |
| 856 | 4 | 1 | |u https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/bcrec/article/downloadSuppFile/7733/1792 |z Get Fulltext |