The Emerging Challenges in Transmission and Detection of Filovirus Infections in Developing Countries
This chapter reviews the emerging challenges in the transmission and detection of Ebola and Marburg filoviruses since their identification in 1967 and 1976, respectively. Five known highly fatal Ebola species are examined. Ebola outbreaks comprising of 14 EBOV, 7 SUDV, and 4 BDBV infections are revi...
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IntechOpen,
2020-01-02.
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| Summary: | This chapter reviews the emerging challenges in the transmission and detection of Ebola and Marburg filoviruses since their identification in 1967 and 1976, respectively. Five known highly fatal Ebola species are examined. Ebola outbreaks comprising of 14 EBOV, 7 SUDV, and 4 BDBV infections are reviewed, including the largest West African Ebola outbreak. The ecology of filoviruses and the possible interactions with intermediate hosts and reservoirs is also examined. Evidence that bats are the principal reservoirs of these infections is reviewed. Surveys raise the possibility that other nonhuman primates including dogs may be involved. Challenges on the presumed modes of transmission are discussed with a possibility of droplet and aerosol routes. The discovery of Ebola virus in pigs and its potential impact on the food chain are discussed. The WHO Syndrome Case definition guidelines for diagnosis are examined and shortcomings discussed. However, the early case detection is undermined by the many tropical diseases with similar symptoms. The low positive predictive value for diagnosis based on the antibody antigen assays in outbreaks complicates early isolation and action especially in resource constrained settings. The chapter suggests improvements and areas for further research on the ecology, transmission, and management of filovirus infections. |
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| Item Description: | https://mts.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/the-emerging-challenges-in-transmission-and-detection-of-filovirus-infections-in-developing-countrie |