Umar

Calligraphic seal featuring Umar's name, on display in the [[Hagia Sophia]], Istanbul Umar ibn al-Khattab (; ), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634, when he succeeded Abu Bakr () as the second caliph, until his assassination in 644. Umar was a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Umar initially opposed Muhammad, his distant Qurayshite kinsman and later son-in-law. Following his conversion to Islam in 616, he became the first Muslim to openly pray at the Kaaba. Umar participated in almost all battles and expeditions under Muhammad, who bestowed the title ''al-Fārūq'' upon him, for his judgements. After Muhammad's death in June 632, Umar pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr () as the first caliph and served as the closest adviser to the latter until August 634, when the dying Abu Bakr nominated Umar as his successor.

Under Umar, the caliphate expanded at an unprecedented rate, conquering the Sasanian Empire and more than two-thirds of the Byzantine Empire. His attacks against the Sasanian Empire resulted in the conquest of Persia in less than two years (642–644). According to Jewish tradition, Umar set aside the Christian ban on Jews and allowed them into Jerusalem and to worship. Umar was assassinated by the Persian slave Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz in 644.

Umar is generally viewed by historians to be one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. He is revered in the Sunni Islamic tradition as a great just ruler and paragon of Islamic virtues, and some hadiths identify him as the second greatest of the Sahabah after Abu Bakr. However, he is viewed negatively in the Twelver Shia tradition. Provided by Wikipedia
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    by Umar Sahkhan, Umar Sahkhan
    Published 2009
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    by Ryad, Umar
    Published 2016
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    by Umar, Fitrawan
    Published 2018
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  8. 8
    by Umar, Fitrawan
    Published 2018
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  9. 9
    by Umar, Fitrawan
    Published 2018
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  10. 10
    by Umar, Rika
    Published 1983
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  11. 11
    by Umar, Muhammad
    Published 2006
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  12. 12
    by Sidik, Umar
    Published 2004
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  13. 13
    by Umar Faruk, -
    Published 2018
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    by Junus, Umar
    Published 2012
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  16. 16
    by Umar, Mawardi
    Published 2012
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  17. 17
    by Santoso, Umar
    Published 2014
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    by Umar, Haryono
    Published 2012
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